-CITE- 22 USC CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -MISC1- Sec. 2501. Congressional declaration of purpose. 2501-1. Independent agency status of Peace Corps. 2501a. Voluntary service programs. 2502. Presidential authorization; appropriations and financial readjustments. 2503. Director and Deputy Director; delegation of functions. 2504. Peace Corps volunteers. 2505. Peace Corps volunteer leaders; number; applicability of chapter; benefits. 2506. Peace Corps employees. 2507. Training program. 2508. Foreign participants; admission into the United States as nonimmigrants; removal. 2509. Presidential powers and authorities. 2510. Omitted. 2511. Peace Corps National Advisory Council. 2512. Experts and consultants. 2513. Assignment of personnel to foreign governments or international organizations. 2514. Use of funds. 2515. Foreign Currency Fluctuations Account. 2516. Use of foreign currencies. 2517. Activities promoting Americans' understanding of other peoples. 2518. Seal and name. 2519. Security investigations. 2520. Military training and service exemption. 2521. Foreign language proficiency. 2521a. Nonpartisan appointments. 2522. Definitions. 2523. Separability. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2501 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2501. Congressional declaration of purpose -STATUTE- (a) The Congress of the United States declares that it is the policy of the United States and the purpose of this chapter to promote world peace and friendship through a Peace Corps, which shall make available to interested countries and areas men and women of the United States qualified for service abroad and willing to serve, under conditions of hardship if necessary, to help the peoples of such countries and areas in meeting their needs for trained manpower, particularly in meeting the basic needs of those living in the poorest areas of such countries, and to help promote a better understanding of the American people on the part of the peoples served and a better understanding of other peoples on the part of the American people. (b) The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States and a purpose of the Peace Corps to maintain, to the maximum extent appropriate and consistent with programmatic and fiscal considerations, a volunteer corps of at least 10,000 individuals. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 87-293, title I, Sec. 2, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612; Pub. L. 95-331, Sec. 2, Aug. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 99-83, title XI, Sec. 1102(a), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 272.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87-293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, as amended, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out below and Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1985 - Pub. L. 99-83 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b). 1978 - Pub. L. 95-331 inserted "particularly in meeting the basic needs of those living in the poorest areas of such countries" after "manpower". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1985 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99-83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99-83, set out as a note under section 2151-1 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE Section 28, formerly section 27, of Pub. L. 87-293, as renumbered by Pub. L. 99-83, title XI, Sec. 1105(a)(1), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 276, provided that: "This Act [see Short Title note below] shall take effect on the date of its enactment [Sept. 22, 1961]." SHORT TITLE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Section 1 of Pub. L. 95-331 provided: "That this Act [amending this section and sections 2501a, 2502, 2504, 2509, and 2510 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2501a and 2509 of this title] may be cited as the 'Peace Corps Act Amendments of 1978'." SHORT TITLE Section 1 of Pub. L. 87-293 provided that: "This Act [enacting this chapter, amending section 2253 of former Title 5, Executive Departments and Government Officers and Employees, section 425 of Title 20, Education, sections 912, 1303, 3121, 3122, 3401, and 6051 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code, and sections 405, 409, and 410 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 912 and 3121 of Title 26] may be cited as the 'Peace Corps Act'." DESIGNATION OF PAUL D. COVERDELL PEACE CORPS HEADQUARTERS Pub. L. 107-21, Sec. 1, July 26, 2001, 115 Stat. 194, provided that: "(a) In General. - Effective on the date of enactment of this Act [July 26, 2001], the headquarters offices of the Peace Corps, wherever situated, shall be referred to as the 'Paul D. Coverdell Peace Corps Headquarters'. "(b) References. - Any reference before the date of enactment of this Act [July 26, 2001] in any law, regulation, order, document, record, or other paper of the United States to the headquarters or headquarters offices of the Peace Corps shall, on and after such date, be considered to refer to the Paul D. Coverdell Peace Corps Headquarters." -EXEC- EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 10924 Ex. Ord. No. 10924, Mar. 1, 1961, 26 F.R. 1789, relating to the establishment and administration of the Peace Corps, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11041, Aug. 6, 1962, 27 F.R. 7859, formerly set out below. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 11041 Ex. Ord. No. 11041, Aug. 7, 1962, 27 F.R. 7859, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 11250, Oct. 10, 1965, 30 F.R. 13003, which provided for the continuance and administration of the Peace Corps in the Department of State, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11603, June 30, 1971, 36 F.R. 12675, formerly set out below. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 11603 Ex. Ord. No. 11603, June 30, 1971, 36 F.R. 12675, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, which provided for the continuance and administration of the Peace Corps within ACTION, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, set out below. EX. ORD. NO. 12137. ADMINISTRATION OF PEACE CORPS AS AN AGENCY WITHIN ACTION Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12245, Oct. 6, 1980, 45 F.R. 66769; Ex. Ord. No. 12292, Feb. 23, 1981, 46 F.R. 13968; Ex. Ord. No. 12399, Dec. 31, 1982, 48 F.R. 379, provided: By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Peace Corps Act, as amended (22 U.S.C. 2501-2523) and Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, and as President of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered as follows: -MISC2- 1-1. PEACE CORPS 1-101. The Peace Corps, which was established as an agency in the Department of State pursuant to Executive Order No. 10924 of March 1, 1961 (26 FR 1789) [formerly set out under this section], which was continued in existence in that Department under the Peace Corps Act (the "Act") [this chapter] pursuant to Section 102 of Executive Order No. 11041 of August 6, 1962 (27 FR 7859) [formerly set out under this section], and which was transferred to and continued as a component of ACTION [now Corporation for National and Community Service] by Executive Order No. 11603 of June 30, 1971 (36 FR 12675) [formerly set out under this section], shall be an agency within ACTION pursuant to the provisions of this Order. 1-102. All references to the "Director" in Part 1-1 of this Order shall refer to the Director of the Peace Corps for whom provision is made in Section 4(a) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2503). 1-103. Exclusive of the functions otherwise delegated by or reserved to the President by this Order, and subject to the provisions of this Order, there are hereby delegated to the Director all functions conferred upon the President by the Act [this chapter] and by Section 2(b) of Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971 [5 U.S.C. App.]. 1-104. The function of determining the portion of living allowances constituting basic compensation, conferred upon the President by Section 201(a) of Public Law 87-293 (26 U.S.C. 912(3)), is hereby delegated to the Director and shall be performed in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury. 1-105. The functions of prescribing regulations and making determinations (relating to appointment of Peace Corps employees in the Foreign Service System), conferred upon the President by Section 5 of Public Law 89-135 (79 Stat. 551) [probably means section 5(b) of Pub. L. 89-134, Aug. 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 551, set out as a note under section 2506 of this title], are hereby delegated to the Director. 1-106. The functions of prescribing conditions, conferred upon the President by the second sentence of Section 5(e), as amended (22 U.S.C. 2504(e)), and the third proviso of Section 6 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2505) (relating to providing health care in Government facilities) and hereinabove delegated to the Director, shall be exercised in consultation with the head of the United States Government agency responsible for the facility. 1-107. The reports required by Section 11 of the Act, as amended ([former] 22 U.S.C. 2510), shall be prepared by the Director and submitted to the Congress through the President. 1-108. Subject to applicable provisions of law, all funds appropriated or otherwise made available to the President for carrying out the provisions of the Act [this chapter] shall be deemed to be allocated without any further action of the President to the Director or to such subordinate officer as the Director may designate. The Director or such officer may allocate or transfer, as appropriate, any of such funds to any United States Government agency or part thereof for obligation or expenditures thereby consistent with applicable law. 1-109. Nothing in this Order shall be deemed to impair or limit the powers or functions vested in the Secretary of State by the Act [this chapter]. 1-110. The negotiation, conclusion, and termination of international agreements pursuant to the Act [this chapter] shall be under the direction of the Secretary of State. 1-111. Any substantial change in policies in effect on the date of this Order for the utilization of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.], pursuant to Section 7 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2506), shall be coordinated with the Secretary of State. 1-112. The Director shall consult and coordinate with the Director of ACTION to assure that the functions delegated to the Director by this Order are carried out consistently with the functions conferred upon the Director of ACTION by the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4951 et seq.), ("Volunteer Service Act"), Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971 [5 U.S.C. App.] and this Order. 1-2. THE PEACE CORPS ADVISORY COUNCIL [REVOKED BY EX. ORD. NO. 12399, DEC. 31, 1982, 48 F.R. 379] 1-3. RESERVATION OF FUNCTIONS TO THE PRESIDENT 1-301. There are hereby excluded from the delegations made by Section 1-1 of this Order the following powers and functions of the President: (a) All authority conferred by Sections 4(b), 4(c)(2), 4(c)(3), 10(d), and 18 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2503(b), (c)(2), (c)(3), 2509(d), and 2517). (b) The authority conferred by Section 4(a) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2503(a)) to appoint the Director and the Deputy Director of the Peace Corps. (c) The authority conferred on the President by Section 5(f)(1)(B) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2504(f)(1)(B)). (d) The authority conferred by Section 10(f) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2509(f)) to direct any agency of the United States Government to provide services, facilities, and commodities to officers carrying out functions under the Act [this chapter]. (e) The authority conferred by Section 19 of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2518) to adopt and alter an official seal or emblem of the Peace Corps. 1-4. INCIDENTAL PROVISIONS 1-401. Persons appointed, employed, or assigned under Section 7(a) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2506(a)) shall not, unless otherwise agreed by the agency in which such benefits may be exercised, be entitled to the benefits provided by Section 310 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3950) in cases in which their service under the appointment, employment, or assignment exceeds thirty months. 1-402. Pursuant to Section 10(d) of the Act (22 U.S.C. 2509(d)), it is hereby determined to be in furtherance of the purposes of the Act [this chapter] that functions authorized thereby may be performed without regard to the applicable laws specified in Section 1 and 2 of Executive Order No. 11223 of May 12, 1965 [22 U.S.C. 2393 note], and with or without consideration as specified in Section 3 of that Order, but subject to the limitations set forth in that Order. 1-403. As used in this Order, the words "Volunteers," "functions," "United States," and "United States Government agency" shall have the same meanings, respectively, as they have under the Act [this chapter]. 1-5. NATIONAL VOLUNTARY ACTION PROGRAM 1-501. The National Voluntary Action Program to encourage and stimulate more widespread and effective voluntary action for solving public domestic problems, established in the Executive Branch of the Government by Section 1 of Executive Order No. 11470 of May 26, 1969 [formerly set out as a note under section 2701 of Title 42, the Public Health and Welfare], is continued in ACTION. That program shall supplement corresponding action by private and other non-Federal organizations such as the National Center for Voluntary Action. As used in this Order, the term "voluntary action" means the contribution or application of non-governmental resources of all kinds (time, money, goods, services, and skills) by private and other organizations of all types (profit and nonprofit, national and local, occupational, and altruistic) and by individual citizens. 1-6. DIRECTOR OF ACTION 1-601. In addition to the functions vested in the Director of ACTION by the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C., Section 4951 et seq.), Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971 [5 U.S.C. App.], and Section 1-401 of this Order, the Director of ACTION shall: (a) Encourage local, national and international voluntary activities directed toward the solution or mitigation of community problems. (b) Provide for the development and operation of a clearinghouse for information on Government programs designed to foster voluntary action. (c) Initiate proposals for the greater and more effective application of voluntary action in connection with Federal programs, and coordinate, as consistent with law, Federal activities involving such action. (d) Make grants of seed money, as authorized by law, for stimulating the development or deployment of innovative voluntary action programs directed toward community problems. 1-602. The head of each Federal department and agency, or a designated representative, when so requested by the Director of ACTION or the Director of the Peace Corps, shall, to the extent permitted by law and funds available, furnish information and assistance, and participate in all ways appropriate to carry out the objectives of this Order, the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 [42 U.S.C. 4951 et seq.] and Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971 [5 U.S.C. App.]. 1-603. The head of each Federal department or agency shall, when so requested by the Director of ACTION, designate a senior official to have primary and continuing responsibility for the participation and cooperation of that department or agency in matters concerning voluntary action. 1-604. The head of each Federal department or agency, or a designated representative, shall keep the Director of ACTION informed of proposed budgets, plans, and programs of that department or agency affecting voluntary action programs. 1-605. Under the direction of the President and subject to the responsibilities of the Secretary of State, the Director of ACTION shall be responsible for the general direction of those ACTION functions, which jointly serve ACTION domestic volunteer components and the Peace Corps, and for advising the Director of the Peace Corps to ensure that the functions delegated under this Order to the Director of the Peace Corps are carried out. 1-7. GENERAL PROVISIONS 1-701. Except to the extent that they may be inconsistent with this Order, all determinations, authorizations, regulations, rulings, certifications, orders, directives, contracts, agreements, and other actions made, issued or entered into with respect to any function affected by this Order and not revoked, superseded, or otherwise made inapplicable before the effective date of this Order shall continue in full force and effect until amended, modified, or terminated by appropriate authority. 1-702. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, nothing in this Order shall be construed as subjecting any department, establishment, or other instrumentality of the Executive Branch of the Federal Government or the head thereof, or any function vested by law in or assigned pursuant to law to any such agency or head, to the authority of any other agency or head or as abrogating, modifying, or restricting any such function in any manner. 1-703. So much of the personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances or appropriations, allocations, and other funds employed, used, held, available, or to be made available in connection with the functions assigned to the Director of the Peace Corps or to the Director of ACTION by this Order as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall determine, shall be transferred to the Director of the Peace Corps or the Director of ACTION at such time or times as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall direct. 1-704. To the extent permitted by law, such further measures and dispositions as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall deem to be necessary in order to effectuate the provisions of this Order shall be carried out by such agencies as the Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall specify. 1-705. The authority conferred by Sections 1-703 and 1-704 of this Order shall supplement, not limit, the provisions of Section 1- 108 of this Order. 1-706. Executive Order Nos. 11041, 11250, 11470 and 11603 are hereby superseded. 1-707. This Order shall become effective May 16, 1979. -EXEC- EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 12468 Ex. Ord. No. 12468, Mar. 22, 1984, 49 F.R. 11139, which established the Presidential Advisory Council on the Peace Corps and provided for its membership, functions, etc., was revoked by Ex. Ord. No. 12534, Sept. 30, 1985, 50 F.R. 40319, formerly set out as a note under section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2501-1 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2501-1. Independent agency status of Peace Corps -STATUTE- Effective on December 29, 1981, the Peace Corps shall be an independent agency within the executive branch and shall not be an agency within the ACTION Agency, the successor to the ACTION Agency, or any other department or agency of the United States. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 87-293, title I, Sec. 2A as added Pub. L. 97-113, title VI, Sec. 601(a), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1540; amended Pub. L. 103- 82, title IV, Sec. 405(e), Sept. 21, 1993, 107 Stat. 921.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1993 - Pub. L. 103-82 inserted ", the successor to the ACTION Agency,". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1993 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 103-82 effective Apr. 4, 1994, see section 406(b) of Pub. L. 103-82, set out as a note under section 8332 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS, PERSONNEL, ETC., TO PEACE CORPS Section 601(b), (c) of Pub. L. 97-113 provided that: "(b) There are transferred to the Director of the Peace Corps all functions relating to the Peace Corps which were vested in the Director of the ACTION Agency [now Corporation for National and Community Service] on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1981]. "(c)(1) All personnel, assets liabilities, contracts, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, authorizations, allocations, and other funds are are determined by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, after consultation with the Comptroller General of the United States, the Director of the Peace Corps, and the Director of the ACTION Agency, to be employed, held, used, or assumed primarily in connection with any function relating to the Peace Corps before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1981] are transferred to the Peace Corps. The transfer of unexpended balances pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be subject to section 202 of the Budget and Accounting Procedures Act of 1950 (31 U.S.C. 581c) [31 U.S.C. 1531]. "(2)(A) The transfer pursuant to this subsection of full-time personnel (except special Government employees) and part-time personnel holding permanent positions shall not cause any employee to be separated or reduced in rank, class, grade, or compensation, or otherwise suffer a loss of employment benefits for one year after - "(i) the date on which the director of the Office of Management and Budget submits the report required by subsection (f)(l) of this section, or "(ii) the effective date of the transfer of such employee, whichever occurs later. "(B) The personnel transferred pursuant to this subsection shall, to the maximum extent feasible, be assigned to such related functions and organizational units in the Peace Corps as such personnel were assigned to immediately before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1981]. "(C) Collective-bargaining agreements in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1981] covering personnel transferred pursuant to this subsection or employed on such date of enactment [Dec. 29, 1981] by the Peace Corps shall continue to be recognized by the Peace Corps until the termination date of such agreements or until such agreements are modified in accordance with applicable procedures. "(3) Under such regulations as the President may prescribe, each person who, immediately before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1981], does not hold an appointment under section 7(a)(2) of the Peace Corps Act [22 U.S.C. 2506(a)(2)] and who is determined under paragraph (1) of this subsection to be employed primarily in connection with any function relating to the Peace Corps shall, effective on the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1981], and notwithstanding subparagraph (B) of section 7(a)(2) of the Peace Corps Act, be appointed a member of the Foreign Service under section 7(a)(2) of the Peace Corps Act [22 U.S.C. 2506(a)(2)], and be appointed or assigned to an appropriate class of the Foreign Service, except that - "(A) any person who, immediately before such date of enactment [Dec. 29, 1981], holds a career or career-conditional appointment shall not, without the consent of such person, be so appointed until three years after such date of enactment [Dec. 29, 1981], during which period any such person not consenting to be so appointed may continue to hold such career or career-conditional appointment; and "(B) each person so appointed who, immediately before such date of enactment [Dec. 29, 1981], held a career or career-conditional appointment at grade GS-8 or lower of the General Schedule established by section 5332 of title 5, United States Code, shall be appointed a member of the Foreign Service for the duration of operations under the Peace Corps Act [this chapter]. Each person appointed under this paragraph shall receive basic compensation at the rate of such person's class determined by the President to be appropriate, except that the rate of basic compensation received by such person immediately before the effective date of such person's appointment under this paragraph shall not be reduced as a result of the provisions of this paragraph." -MISC2- REFERENCES TO ACTION AGENCY OR DIRECTOR OF ACTION AGENCY WITH RESPECT TO PEACE CORPS OR DIRECTOR FUNCTIONS OR ACTIVITIES Section 601(g) of Pub. L. 97-113 provided that: "References in any statute, reorganization plan, Executive order, regulation, or other official document or proceeding to the ACTION Agency [now Corporation for National and Community Service] or the Director of the ACTION Agency with respect to functions or activities relating to the Peace Corps shall be deemed to refer to the Peace Corps or the Director of the Peace Corps, respectively." -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2501a 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2501a. Voluntary service programs -STATUTE- (a) Congressional declaration of policy of encouragement The Congress declares that it is the policy of the United States and a further purpose of this chapter (1) to encourage countries and areas to establish programs under which their citizens and nationals would volunteer to serve in order to help meet the needs of less developed countries or areas for trained manpower; (2) to encourage less developed countries or areas to establish programs under which their citizens and nationals would volunteer to serve in order to meet their needs for trained manpower; and (3) to encourage the development of, and participation in, international voluntary service programs and activities. (b) Limitations on executive activities and use of funds (1) Activities carried out by the President in furtherance of the purposes of clauses (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section shall be limited to - (A) furnishing technical assistance, materials, tools, supplies, and training appropriate to the support of volunteer programs in such countries or areas; and (B) conducting demonstration projects in such countries or areas. None of the funds made available to carry out the purposes of clauses (1) and (2) of subsection (a) of this section may be used to pay the administrative costs of any program or project, other than a demonstration project, or to assist any program or project of a paramilitary or military nature. Funds allocated for activities set forth in this paragraph should be kept to a minimum so that such allocation will not be detrimental to other Peace Corps programs and activities. (2) Not more than 2 per centum of the amount appropriated to the Peace Corps for a fiscal year may be used in such fiscal year to carry out the provisions of clause (3) of subsection (a) of this section. Such funds may be contributed to educational institutions, private voluntary organizations, international organizations, and foreign governments or agencies thereof, to pay a fair and proportionate share of the costs of encouraging the development of, and participation in, international voluntary programs and activities. (c) Compromise of national character Such activities shall not compromise the national character of the Peace Corps. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 87-293, title III, Sec. 301, as added Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 8, Dec. 13, 1963, 77 Stat. 360; amended Pub. L. 91-99, Sec. 3, Oct. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 166; Pub. L. 91-352, Sec. 9, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 465; Pub. L. 92-352, title IV, Sec. 402, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 95-331, Secs. 7, 8(a), Aug. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 415, 416.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsec. (a), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87-293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, as amended, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1978 - Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95-331, Sec. 7, substituted provisions limiting activities to furnishing technical assistance, etc., in support of volunteer programs, and conducting demonstration projects and provisions relating to payment of costs of any program or project for provisions limiting activities to furnishing of knowledge and skills relating to the selection, training, and programming of voluntary manpower and provisions relating to use of available funds. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 95-331, Sec. 8(a), substituted provisions authorizing use of 2 per centum of amount appropriated in a fiscal year for provisions authorizing use of $350,000 in a fiscal year. 1972 - Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 92-352 substituted "$350,000" for "$300,000" and "in any fiscal year to carry" for "in fiscal year 1971 to carry". 1970 - Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 91-352, Sec. 9(a), changed the policy objective from encouragement of participation in any international register which seeks to provide volunteers to serve in less developed countries or areas, training, or other assistance in order to help such countries or areas to meet their needs for trained manpower to encouragement of participation in international voluntary service programs and activities. Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91-352, Sec. 9(b), substituted fiscal year 1971 for fiscal year 1970 and changed the authorization of the contribution of funds from a fair and proportionate share of the costs of the international registers to a fair and proportionate share of the costs of encouraging the development of and participation in international voluntary programs and activities. 1969 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 91-99, Sec. 3(1), redesignated existing provisions as cls. (1) and (2), and added cl. (3). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91-99, Sec. 3(2), redesignated existing provisions as cl. (1), struck out the provision which authorized the use of not more than $300,000 in carrying out the purposes of this section in fiscal year 1964 and inserted references to cls. (1) and (2) of subsec. (a) of this section, and added cl. (2). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Section 8(b) of Pub. L. 95-331 provided that: "The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1978." -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section delegated to Director of Peace Corps by section 1-103 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2502 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2502. Presidential authorization; appropriations and financial readjustments -STATUTE- (a) Terms and conditions of authorization The President is authorized to carry out programs in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, on such terms and conditions as he may determine. (b) Authorization of appropriations (1) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the purposes of this chapter $270,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, $298,000,000 for fiscal year 2001, $327,000,000 for fiscal year 2002, and $365,000,000 for fiscal year 2003. (2) Amounts authorized to be appropriated under paragraph (1) for a fiscal year are authorized to remain available for that fiscal year and the subsequent fiscal year. (c) Appropriations for increases in salary, pay, etc. In addition to the amount authorized to be appropriated by subsection (b) of this section to carry out the purposes of this chapter, there are authorized to be appropriated for increases in salary, pay, retirement, or other employee benefits authorized by law, for each fiscal year, such sums as may be necessary. (d) Integration of women into national economics In recognition of the fact that women in developing countries play a significant role in economic production, family support, and the overall development process, the Peace Corps shall be administered so as to give particular attention to those programs, projects, and activities which tend to integrate women into the national economics of developing countries, thus improving their status and assisting the total development effort. (e), (f) Repealed. Pub. L. 97-113, title VI, Sec. 601(e)(1), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1542 (g) Redesignated (d) (h) Integration of disabled people In recognition of the fact that there are over 400,000,000 disabled people in the world, 95 percent of whom are among the poorest of the poor, the Peace Corps shall be administered so as to give particular attention to programs, projects, and activities which tend to integrate disabled people into the national economies of developing countries, thus improving their status and assisting the total development effort. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 87-293, title I, Sec. 3, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612; Pub. L. 87-442, Apr. 27, 1962, 76 Stat. 62; Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 1, Dec. 13, 1963, 77 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 88-285, Mar. 17, 1964, 78 Stat. 166; Pub. L. 89-134, Sec. 1, Aug. 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 549; Pub. L. 89-572, Sec. 1, Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 764; Pub. L. 90- 175, Dec. 5, 1967, 81 Stat. 542; Pub. L. 90-362, June 27, 1968, 82 Stat. 250; Pub. L. 91-99, Sec. 1, Oct. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 166; Pub. L. 91-352, Sec. 1, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 464; Pub. L. 92-135, Oct. 8, 1971, 85 Stat. 376; Pub. L. 92-352, title IV, Sec. 401, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 495; Pub. L. 93-49, Sec. 1, June 25, 1973, 87 Stat. 99; Pub. L. 93-302, Secs. 1, 2, June 1, 1974, 88 Stat. 191; Pub. L. 94-130, Secs. 1-3, Nov. 14, 1975, 89 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 94-281, Secs. 1, 2, May 7, 1976, 90 Stat. 458; Pub. L. 95-102, Secs. 1, 2, Aug. 15, 1977, 91 Stat. 841; Pub. L. 95-331, Sec. 3, Aug. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 96-53, title III, Sec. 301, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 370; Pub. L. 96-533, title VI, Sec. 601(a), (b), Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3155; Pub. L. 97-113, title VI, Secs. 601(e)(1), 602, 603, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1542; Pub. L. 99-83, title XI, Sec. 1101, Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 272; Pub. L. 99-399, title XIII, Sec. 1301, Aug. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 897; Pub. L. 102- 565, Sec. 1, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4265; Pub. L. 106-30, Sec. 1, May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 55.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) to (c), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87-293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, as amended, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1999 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106-30 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the purposes of this chapter $218,146,000 for fiscal year 1993, which are authorized to remain available until September 30, 1994." 1992 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 102-565 amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: "There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out the purposes of this chapter $130,000,000 for the fiscal year 1986 and $137,200,000 for the fiscal year 1987." 1986 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99-399 in amending subsec. (b) generally, substituted provision authorizing appropriations of $130,000,000 for fiscal year 1986 and $137,200,000 for fiscal year 1987 for provision authorizing appropriations of $130,000,000 for fiscal years 1986 and 1987, providing that unobligated balances continue to be made available for the general purposes for which appropriated, and prohibiting the use of funds to carry out this chapter for the Volunteers to America Program or any similar program involving the service or training of foreign nationals in the United States. 1985 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99-83 substituted provisions authorizing appropriations of $130,000,000 for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 for provisions authorizing appropriations of not to exceed $105,000,000 for fiscal years 1982 and 1983, and struck out provisos limiting use of funds in fiscal year 1967, and limiting contracts and agreements for research. 1981 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 602(a), substituted "the fiscal year 1982 not to exceed $105,000,000 and for the fiscal year 1983 not to exceed $105,000,000" for "fiscal year 1981 not to exceed $118,000,000". Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 602(b), substituted "each fiscal year" for "fiscal year 1981". Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 601(e)(1), redesignated subsec. (g) as (d) and struck out former subsec. (d) which provided for rectification of imbalance in readjustment allowance for the period Mar. 1, 1961, to Feb. 28, 1973. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 601(e)(1), struck out subsec. (e) which related to waiver of claims resulting from erroneous payments to volunteers who terminated their volunteer service between Mar. 1, 1961, and Feb. 28, 1973. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 601(e)(1), struck out subsec. (f) which related to relief from liability for improper payment of readjustment allowances made to volunteers between Mar. 1, 1961, and Feb. 28, 1973. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 601(e)(1), redesignated subsec. (g) as (d). Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 603, added subsec. (h). 1980 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96-533, Sec. 601(a), substituted appropriations authorization of $118,000,000 for fiscal year 1981 for such authorization of $105,404,000 for fiscal year 1980. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96-533, Sec. 601(b), substituted "1981" for "1980". 1979 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96-53, Sec. 301(1), substituted provisions authorizing to be appropriated for fiscal year 1980 not to exceed $105,404,000, for provisions authorizing to be appropriated for fiscal year 1978 not to exceed $86,544,000, and for fiscal year 1979 not to exceed $112,424,000, and setting forth availability of funds for the United Nations contributions by the Corps. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 96-53, Sec. 301(2), substituted "1980" for "1978, $1,069,000, and for fiscal year 1979". 1978 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-331, Sec. 3(1), substituted provisions authorizing to be appropriated for fiscal year 1978 not to exceed $86,544,000 and for fiscal year 1979 not to exceed $112,424,000 and limitation with respect to volunteer program, for provisions authorizing to be appropriated for fiscal year 1978 not to exceed $82,900,000. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95-331, Sec. 3(2), inserted provisions increasing 1978 appropriation from $1,000,000 to $1,069,000, and provisions authorizing to be appropriated such sums as necessary for fiscal year 1979. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 95-331, Sec. 3(3), added subsec. (g). 1977 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-102, Sec. 1, substituted provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 1978 not to exceed $82,900,000 for provisions authorizing appropriations for fiscal year 1976 not to exceed $88,468,000, for the period July 1, 1976, through Sept. 30, 1976, not to exceed $27,887,800, for fiscal year 1977 not to exceed $81,000,000. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95-102, Sec. 2, substituted provisions authorizing additional appropriations for fiscal year 1978 of $1,000,000 for increases in salary, pay, etc., for provisions authorizing additional appropriations for fiscal year 1976 and the period July 1, 1976, through Sept. 30, 1976, not in excess of $1,000,000, and for fiscal year 1977 such sums as may be necessary for increases in salary, pay, etc. 1976 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94-281, Sec. 1, authorized appropriation of not to exceed $81,000,000 for fiscal year 1977. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94-281, Sec. 2, inserted provisions relating to fiscal year 1977 and authorization of such sums as may be necessary for such year. 1975 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94-130, Sec. 1, authorized appropriation of $88,468,000 for fiscal year 1976, and $27,887,800 for period July 1, 1976, through Sept. 30, 1976, and struck out appropriation authorization of $82,256,000 for fiscal year 1975. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94-130, Sec. 2, authorized appropriation of $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1976, for increase in employee benefits, in addition to amounts authorized for fiscal year 1976, and for period July 1, 1976, through Sept. 30, 1976, and deleted prior appropriation authorization of $1,000,000 for fiscal year 1975, for increase in employee benefits, in addition to amounts authorized for fiscal year 1975. Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 94-130, Sec. 3, substituted "shall transfer", "no later than December 31, 1975, not to exceed $315,000 from any sums available to carry out the purposes of this chapter in fiscal year 1976" for "is authorized to transfer" and "from any sums appropriated to carry out the purposes of this chapter in fiscal year 1975 not to exceed $315,000". 1974 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93-302, Sec. 1, substituted "There are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1975 not to exceed $82,256,000 to carry out the purposes of this chapter" for "There are authorized to be appropriated to the President for the fiscal year 1974 not to exceed $77,001,000 to carry out the purposes of this chapter". Subsecs. (c) to (f). Pub. L. 93-302, Sec. 2, added subsecs. (c) to (f). 1973 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 93-49 substituted "1974" for "1973" and "$77,001,000" for "$88,027,000". 1972 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92-352 substituted "1973" for "1972" and "$88,027,000" for "$77,200,000". 1971 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 92-135 substituted "1972" for "1971" and "$77,200,000" for "$98,800,000". 1970 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91-352 substituted "1971" for "1970" and "$98,800,000" for "$98,450,000". 1969 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 91-99 substituted "1970" for "1969" and "$98,450,000" for "$112,800,000", and inserted provision prohibiting funds authorized to carry out the purposes of this chapter to be used to carry out the Volunteers to America Program conducted under the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961, or any similar program. 1968 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90-362 substituted "1969" for "1968" and "$112,800,000" for "$115,700,000". 1967 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90-175 substituted "1968" for "1967" and "$115,700,000" for "$110,000,000". 1966 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89-572 authorized an appropriation of $110,000,000 for the fiscal year 1967 and provided for obligation of limited amount of funds under contracts or agreements to carry out research relating to the basic responsibilities of the Peace Corps and for continuing availability of unobligated balances of funds. 1965 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89-134 substituted "1966" for "1965" and inserted $500,000 limit on funds available for research. 1964 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88-285 authorized an appropriation of $115,000,000 for fiscal year 1965. 1963 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88-200 substituted "1964" and "$102,000,000" for "1963" and "$63,750,000", respectively. 1962 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87-442 authorized an appropriation of $63,750,000 for the fiscal year 1963. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1985 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99-83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99-83, set out as a note under section 2151-1 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96-53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1977 AMENDMENT Section 3 of Pub. L. 95-102 provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 1977." -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS; ALLOCATION OF FUNDS Functions of President under this section delegated to and funds available to President under this chapter allocated to Director of Peace Corps by sections 1-103 and 1-108 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. -MISC2- APPLICABILITY OF PUB. L. 97-113 TO ACTIONS PRIOR TO DECEMBER 29, 1981 Section 601(e)(2) of Pub. L. 97-113 provided that: "The amendment made by paragraph (1) of this subsection [redesignating former subsec. (g) as (d) and striking out subsecs. (d) to (f) of this section] shall not alter or affect (A) the validity of any action taken before the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 29, 1981] under those provisions of law repealed by that amendment, or (B) the liability of any person for any payment described in section 3(f) of the Peace Corps Act [former subsec. (f) of this section] as in effect immediately before the date of the enactment of this Act." PAYMENT OF READJUSTMENT ALLOWANCES FROM AMOUNT APPROPRIATED FOR FISCAL YEAR 1977; LIMITATION ON AMOUNT AVAILABLE Section 3 of Pub. L. 94-281 provided that: "Of the amount appropriated for fiscal year 1977 to carry out the purposes of the Peace Corps Act [see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title], $10,100,000 shall be available only for payment of the readjustment allowances authorized by sections 5(c) and 6(1) of such Act [sections 2504(c) and 2505(1) of this title]." -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2503 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2503. Director and Deputy Director; delegation of functions -STATUTE- (a) Appointment The President may appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, a Director of the Peace Corps and a Deputy Director of the Peace Corps. (b) Exercise of functions by Director The President may exercise any functions vested in him by this chapter through the Director of the Peace Corps. The Director of the Peace Corps may promulgate such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary or appropriate to carry out such functions, and may delegate to any of his subordinates authority to perform any of such functions. (c) Powers and functions of Secretary of State; coordination of activities; responsibility for supervision and direction of programs (1) Nothing contained in this chapter shall be construed to infringe upon the powers or functions of the Secretary of State. (2) The President shall prescribe appropriate procedures to assure coordination of Peace Corps activities with other activities of the United States Government in each country, under the leadership of the chief of the United States diplomatic mission. (3) Under the direction of the President, the Secretary of State shall be responsible for the continuous supervision and general direction of the programs authorized by this chapter, to the end that such programs are effectively integrated both at home and abroad and the foreign policy of the United States is best served thereby. (4) The Director of the Peace Corps may prescribe such regulations as may be necessary to assure that no individual performing service for the Peace Corps under any authority contained in this chapter shall engage in any activity determined by the Director to be detrimental to the best interests of the United States. (d) Prohibition on performance of services more usefully performed by other agencies Except with the approval of the Secretary of State, the Peace Corps shall not be assigned to perform services which could more usefully be performed by other available agencies of the United States Government in the country concerned. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 87-293, title I, Sec. 4, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612; Pub. L. 88-426, title III, Sec. 305(27), Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 426; Pub. L. 91-352, Sec. 2, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 464; Pub. L. 97-113, title VI, Sec. 601(d)(1), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1541.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (b) and (c), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87-293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, as amended, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1981 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97-113 substituted provision authorizing the President to exercise functions vested in him under this chapter through the Director of the Peace Corps and the Director of the Peace Corps to promulgate rules and regulations as deemed appropriate for provision authorizing the President to exercise functions vested in him under this chapter through such agency or officer of the United States Government as he directs and the head of such agency or such officer to promulgate rules and regulations as deemed appropriate. 1970 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91-352 added par. (4). 1964 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 88-426 repealed provisions which prescribed the compensation of the Director and Deputy Director. See sections 5314 and 5315 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1964 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 88-426 effective on first day of first pay period which begins on or after July 1, 1964, except to extent provided in section 501(c) of Pub. L. 88-426, see section 501 of Pub. L. 88-426. -TRANS- TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS Transfer to President of the United States of functions conferred upon Director of Peace Corps by subsec. (c)(4) of this section, see section 2(b) of Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1971, eff. July 1, 1971, 36 F.R. 11181, 85 Stat. 819, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under subsecs. (c)(1), (4), (d) delegated to Director of Peace Corps by sections 1-103 and 1-301(a), (b) of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. -MISC2- CONTINUING FUNCTIONS OF DIRECTOR OF PEACE CORPS FROM DECEMBER 14, 1981 Section 601(d)(2) of Pub. L. 97-113 provided: "The Director of the Peace Corps shall continue to exercise all the functions under the Peace Corps Act [this chapter] or any other law or authority which the Director was performing on December 14, 1981." -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2504 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2504. Peace Corps volunteers -STATUTE- (a) Persons eligible; terms and conditions of service; Federal employee status; racial, sex, religious, or color discrimination The President may enroll in the Peace Corps for service abroad qualified citizens and nationals of the United States (referred to in this chapter as "volunteers"). The terms and conditions of the enrollment, training, compensation, hours of work, benefits, leave, termination, and all other terms and conditions of the service of volunteers shall be exclusively those set forth in this chapter and those consistent therewith which the President may prescribe; and, except as provided in this chapter, volunteers shall not be deemed officers or employees or otherwise in the service or employment of, or holding office under, the United States for any purpose. In carrying out this subsection, there shall be no discrimination against any person on account of race, sex, creed, or color. (b) Living allowances, travel, leave and related items; transfers of supplies and equipment Volunteers shall be provided with such living, travel, and leave allowances, and such housing, transportation, supplies, equipment, subsistence, and clothing as the President may determine to be necessary for their maintenance and to insure their health and their capacity to serve effectively. Supplies or equipment provided volunteers to insure their capacity to serve effectively may be transferred to the government or to other entities of the country or area with which they have been serving, when no longer necessary for such purpose, and when such transfers would further the purposes of this chapter. Transportation and travel allowances may also be provided, in such circumstances as the President may determine, for applicants for enrollment to or from places of training and places of enrollment, and for former volunteers from places of termination to their homes in the United States. (c) Readjustment allowances Volunteers shall be entitled to receive a readjustment allowance at a rate not less than $125 for each month of satisfactory service as determined by the President. The readjustment allowance of each volunteer shall be payable on his return to the United States: Provided, however, That, under such circumstances as the President may determine, the accrued readjustment allowance, or any part thereof, may be paid to the volunteer, members of his family or others, during the period of his service, or prior to his return to the United States. In the event of the volunteer's death during the period of his service, the amount of any unpaid readjustment allowance shall be paid in accordance with the provisions of section 5582(b) of title 5. For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, a volunteer shall be deemed to be paid and to receive each amount of a readjustment allowance to which he is entitled after December 31, 1964, when such amount is transferred from funds made available under this chapter to the fund from which such readjustment allowance is payable. (d) Repealed. Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 661 (e) Health care Volunteers shall receive such health care during their service, applicants for enrollment shall receive such health examinations preparatory to their service, applicants for enrollment who have accepted an invitation to begin a period of training under section 2507(a) of this title shall receive such immunization and dental care preparatory to their service, and former volunteers shall receive such health examinations within six months after termination of their service, as the President may deem necessary or appropriate. Subject to such conditions as the President may prescribe, such health care may be provided in any facility of any agency of the United States Government, and in such cases the appropriation for maintaining and operating such facility shall be reimbursed from appropriations available under this chapter. Health care may not be provided under this subsection in a manner inconsistent with the Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997 [42 U.S.C. 14401 et seq.]. (f) Retirement and other credits based upon length of service (1) Any period of satisfactory service of a volunteer under this chapter shall be credited in connection with subsequent employment in the same manner as a like period of civilian employment by the United States Government - (A) for the purposes of section 816(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 4056(a)] and every other Act establishing a retirement system for civilian employees of any United States Government agency; and (B) except as otherwise determined by the President, for the purposes of determining seniority, reduction in force, and layoff rights, leave entitlement, and other rights and privileges based upon length of service under the laws administered by the Office of Personnel Management, the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.], and every other Act establishing or governing terms and conditions of service of civilian employees of the United States Government: Provided, That service of a volunteer shall not be credited toward completion of any probationary or trial period or completion of any service requirement for career appointment. (2) For the purposes of paragraph (1)(A) of this subsection, volunteers and volunteer leaders shall be deemed to be receiving compensation during their service at the respective rates of readjustment allowances payable under subsection (c) of this section and section 2505(1) of this title. (g) Assignment to other entities The President may detail or assign volunteers or otherwise make them available to any entity referred to in paragraph (1) of section 2509(a) of this title on such terms and conditions as he may determine: Provided, That not to exceed two hundred volunteers may be assigned to carry out secretarial or clerical duties on the staffs of the Peace Corps representatives abroad: Provided, however, That any volunteer so detailed or assigned shall continue to be entitled to the allowances, benefits and privileges of volunteers authorized under or pursuant to this chapter. (h) Tort claims; absentee voting; general average contributions for transportation of baggage; check cashing and currency exchange; claims for overpayment of pay; passport fees Volunteers shall be deemed employees of the United States Government for the purposes of the Federal Tort Claims Act and any other Federal tort liability statute, section 3342 of title 31, section 5732 and section 5584 of title 5 (and readjustment allowances paid under this chapter shall be considered as pay for purposes of such section), and section 214 of this title. (i) Termination of service The service of a volunteer may be terminated at any time at the pleasure of the President. (j) Oath of office Upon enrollment in the Peace Corps, every volunteer shall take the oath prescribed for persons appointed to any office of honor or profit by section 3331 of title 5. (k) Counseling programs for returned volunteers In order to assure that the skills and experience which former volunteers have derived from their training and their service abroad are best utilized in the national interest, the President may, in cooperation with agencies of the United States, private employers, educational institutions and other entities of the United States, undertake programs under which volunteers would be counseled with respect to opportunities for further education and employment. (l) Legal expenses of defendant in judicial or administrative proceedings Notwithstanding any other provision of law, counsel may be employed and counsel fees, court costs, bail, and other expenses incident to the defense of volunteers may be paid in foreign judicial or administrative proceedings to which volunteers have been made parties. (m) Allowances and expenses of minor children The minor children of a volunteer living with the volunteer may receive - (1) such living, travel, education, and leave allowances, such housing, transportation, subsistence, and essential special items of clothing as the President may determine; (2) such health care, including health care following the volunteer's service for illness or injury incurred during such service, and health and accident insurance, as the President may determine and upon such terms as he may determine, including health care in any facility referred to in subsection (e) of this section, subject to such conditions as the President may prescribe and subject to reimbursement of appropriations as provided in such subsection (e); (3) such orientation, language, and other training necessary to accomplish the purposes of this chapter as the President may determine; and (4) the benefits of subsection (l) of this section on the same basis as volunteers. (n) Moving expenses The costs of packing and unpacking, transporting to and from a place of storage, and storing the furniture and household and personal effects of a volunteer who has one or more minor children at the time of his entering a period of pre-enrollment training may be paid from the date of his departure from his place of residence to enter training until no later than three months after termination of his service. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 87-293, title I, Sec. 5, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 613; Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 2, Dec. 13, 1963, 77 Stat. 359; Pub. L. 89- 134, Sec. 2, Aug. 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 549; Pub. L. 89-554, Sec. 8(a), Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 661, 662; Pub. L. 89-572, Sec. 2(a), Sept. 13, 1966, 80 Stat. 765; Pub. L. 91-99, Sec. 2, Oct. 29, 1969, 83 Stat. 166; Pub. L. 91-352, Sec. 3, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 464; Pub. L. 94-130, Secs. 4, 6, Nov. 14, 1975, 89 Stat. 684; Pub. L. 95- 331, Sec. 4, Aug. 2, 1978, 92 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 96-465, title II, Sec. 2202(a), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2157; Pub. L. 97-113, title VI, Secs. 604(b), 606, Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1543; Pub. L. 99-83, title XI, Sec. 1105(b), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 276; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 105-12, Sec. 9(j), Apr. 30, 1997, 111 Stat. 27; Pub. L. 106-30, Sec. 2(b)(1)-(3), May 21, 1999, 113 Stat. 55.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (e) to (h), and (m), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87-293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, as amended, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, referred to in subsec. (c), is classified generally to Title 26, Internal Revenue Code. The Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997, referred to in subsec. (e), is Pub. L. 105-12, Apr. 30, 1997, 111 Stat. 23, which is classified principally to chapter 138 (Sec. 14401 et seq.) of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 14401 of Title 42 and Tables. The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (f)(1), is Pub. L. 96-465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (Sec. 3901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of this title and Tables. The Federal Tort Claims Act, referred to in subsec. (h), is title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 842, which was classified principally to chapter 20 (Secs. 921, 922, 931-934, 941-946) of former Title 28, Judicial Code and Judiciary. Title IV of act Aug. 2, 1946, was substantially repealed and reenacted as sections 1346(b) and 2671 et seq. of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, by act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 992, the first section of which enacted Title 28. The Federal Tort Claims Act is also commonly used to refer to chapter 171 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. For complete classification of title IV to the Code, see Tables. For distribution of former sections of Title 28 into the revised Title 28, see Table at the beginning of Title 28. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1999 - Subsec. (f)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106-30, Sec. 2(b)(1), substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission". Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 106-30, Sec. 2(b)(2), substituted "section 3342 of title 31, section 5732 and" for "the Federal Voting Assistance Act of 1955 (5 U.S.C. 2171 et seq.), the Act of June 4, 1954, chapter 264, section 4 (5 U.S.C. 73b-5), the Act of December 23, 1944, chapter 716, section 1, as amended (31 U.S.C. 492a),". Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 106-30, Sec. 2(b)(3), substituted "section 3331 of title 5." for "section 1757 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as amended (5 U.S.C. 16), and shall swear (or affirm) that he does not advocate the overthrow of our constitutional form of government in the United States, and that he is not a member of an organization that advocates the overthrow of our constitutional form of government in the United States, knowing that such organization so advocates." 1997 - Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105-12 inserted at end "Health care may not be provided under this subsection in a manner inconsistent with the Assisted Suicide Funding Restriction Act of 1997." 1986 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99-514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954". 1985 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99-83 in amending last sentence generally, struck out provisions prohibiting political tests. 1981 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 606, substituted "not less than $125" for "not to exceed $125". Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 97-113, Sec. 604(b), struck out provision making section 2702 of this title, relating to malpractice protection, applicable to volunteers and vesting the President with the authority reposed in the Secretary of State in section 2702(f) of this title, and deeming a Peace Corps representative to be a principal representative of the United States for purposes of section 2702(g) of this title. See section 2509(i) and (j) of this title. 1980 - Subsec. (f)(1)(A). Pub. L. 96-465, Sec. 2202- (a)(1)(A), substituted "section 816(a) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980" for "section 852(a)(1) of the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 1092(a)(1)),". Subsec. (f)(1)(B). Pub. L. 96-465, Sec. 2202(a)(1)(B), substituted "Foreign Service Act of 1980" for "Foreign Service Act of 1946". Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 96-465, Sec. 2202(a)(2), substituted "section 2702 of this title" for "section 817 of this title" and "President" for "Director of ACTION". 1978 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95-331, Sec. 4(1), struck out provisions relating to allowances for volunteers with minor children at the time of their entering a period of pre-enrollment training. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95-331, Sec. 4(2), inserted provisions relating to applicability of malpractice protection. 1975 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94-130, Sec. 4, prohibited discrimination against any person on account of sex. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94-130, Sec. 6, substituted $125 for $75 in initial clause of first sentence. 1970 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91-352, Sec. 3(a), inserted exception that in case of volunteers having one or more children at time of entering a period of pre-enrollment training, one parent would be entitled to receive a readjustment allowance not exceeding $125 for each month of satisfactory service as determined by the President, and substituted "section 5582(b) of title 5" for "section 61f of title 5". Subsecs. (m), (n). Pub. L. 91-352, Sec. 3(b), added subsecs. (m) and (n). 1969 - Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 91-99 inserted provision that for purposes of section 5584 of title 5 (and readjustment allowances made thereto) volunteers are to be deemed employees of the United States Government. 1966 - Subsec. (d). Repealed by Pub. L. 89-554, and now covered by section 8142 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees. Subsec. (f). Repealed, as applicable to the Civil Service Retirement Act, as amended, by Pub. L. 89-554, and now covered by section 8332(b) of Title 5. Subsec. (h). Repealed, as applicable to act June 4, 1954, chapter 264, section 5 (5 U.S.C. 73b-5), by Pub. L. 89-554, and now covered by section 5732 of Title 5. Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 89-572 added subsec. (l). 1965 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89-134, Sec. 2(a), provided that, for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, a volunteer is deemed to be paid and to receive readjustment allowance to which he is entitled after December 31, 1964, when the amount is transferred from funds made available under this chapter to the fund from which the readjustment allowance is paid. Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 89-134, Sec. 2(b), extended health care provisions to include health examinations for applicants for enrollment preparatory to their service, immunization and dental care for applicants who have accepted an invitation to begin a period of training under section 2507(a) of this title, and health examinations to former volunteers within six months after termination of their service. Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 89-134, Sec. 2(c), authorized an increase from 100 to 200 in the number of volunteer secretaries and clerical workers permitted to serve on the staffs of Peace Corps representatives abroad. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 89-134, Sec. 2(d), extended check cashing and currency exchange transaction privileges of government employees to Peace Corps volunteers. 1963 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 2(a), inserted provision for transfer of supplies and equipment. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 2(b), substituted "a readjustment allowance" for "termination payments" in first sentence, the second sentence reading "The readjustment allowance of each volunteer shall be payable on his return to the United States: Provided, however, That, under such circumstances as the President may determine, the accrued readjustment allowance, or any part thereof, may be paid to the volunteer, members of his family or others, during the period of his service, or prior to his return to the United States" for "The termination payment of each volunteer shall be payable at the termination of his service, or may be paid during the course of his service to the volunteer, to members of his family or to others, under such circumstances as the President may determine" and "readjustment allowance" for "termination payment" in third sentence. Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 2(c), substituted "readjustment allowances" for "termination payments." Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 2(d), provided for assignment of volunteers to duties on staffs of Peace Corps representatives abroad. Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 2(e), provided that volunteers shall be deemed employees of the U.S. Government for the purposes of absentee voting assistance and payment of general average contributions for transportation of baggage. Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 2(f), added subsec. (k). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1997 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 105-12 effective Apr. 30, 1997, and applicable to Federal payments made pursuant to obligations incurred after Apr. 30, 1997, for items and services provided on or after such date, subject to also being applicable with respect to contracts entered into, renewed, or extended after Apr. 30, 1997, as well as contracts entered into before Apr. 30, 1997, to the extent permitted under such contracts, see section 11 of Pub. L. 105-12, set out as an Effective Date note under section 14401 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1985 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99-83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99-83, set out as a note under section 2151-1 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96-465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title. -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section, except those under subsec. (f)(1)(B), delegated to Director of Peace Corps, with function of prescribing conditions in subsec. (e) to be exercised in consultation with head of agency responsible for facility, by sections 1-103, 1-106, and 1-301(c) of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. -MISC2- EVALUATION OF HEALTH-CARE SERVICES PROVIDED TO PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS Pub. L. 102-565, Sec. 3, Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 4266, provided that: "(a) In General. - The Director of the Peace Corps shall contract with an eligible organization or organizations to conduct before January 1, 1997, a total of three evaluations of the health-care needs of the Peace Corps volunteers and the adequacy of the system through which the Peace Corps provides health-care services in meeting those needs. "(b) Requirements of the Evaluations. - Each evaluation shall include an assessment of the adequacy of the Peace Corps health- care system - "(1) to provide diagnostic, treatment, and referral services to meet the health-care needs of Peace Corps volunteers, and "(2) to conduct health examinations of applicants for enrollment as Peace Corps volunteers and to provide immunization and dental care preparatory to service of applicants for enrollment who have accepted an invitation to begin a period of training for service as a Peace Corps volunteer. "(c) Reports to the Peace Corps. - An organization making an evaluation under this section shall submit to the Director of the Peace Corps a report containing its findings and recommendations not later than May 31, 1993, December 31, 1994, and December 31, 1996, as the case may be. Each report shall include recommendations regarding appropriate standards and procedures for ensuring the furnishing of quality medical care and for measuring the quality of care provided to Peace Corps volunteers. "(d) Report to Congress. - Not later than 90 days after receipt of a report required by subsection (c), the Director of the Peace Corps shall transmit the report, together with the Director's comments, to the appropriate congressional committees. "(e) Definitions. - For purposes of this section - "(1) the term 'appropriate congressional committees' means the Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs [now Committee on International Relations] and the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives; and "(2) the term 'eligible organization' means an independent health-care accreditation organization or other independent organization with expertise in evaluating health-care systems similar to that of the Peace Corps." LEGAL EXPENSES INCURRED PRIOR TO SEPT. 13, 1966 Section 2(b) of Pub. L. 89-572 provided that: "The authority contained in subsection (a) [adding subsec. (l) to this section] shall extend to counsels fees, costs, and other expenses of the types specified therein that were incurred prior to the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 13, 1966]." -EXEC- EX. ORD. NO. 11103. APPOINTMENT OF FORMER VOLUNTEERS TO CIVILIAN CAREER SERVICES Ex. Ord. No. 11103, Apr. 10, 1963, 28 F.R. 3571, as amended by Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, provided: By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Civil Service Act (22 Stat. 403) [see, generally, section 1101 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employers], and section 1753 of the Revised Statutes [section 3301 of Title 5], and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. Under such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe, the head of any agency in the Executive Branch may appoint in the competitive service any person who is certified by the Director of the Peace Corps as having served satisfactorily as a Volunteer or Volunteer Leader under the Peace Corps Act [see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title] and who passes such examination as the Office of Personnel Management may prescribe. Any person so appointed shall, upon completion of the prescribed probationary period, acquire a competitive status. Sec. 2. The head of any agency in the Executive Branch having an established merit system in the excepted service may appoint in such service any person who is certified by the Director of the Peace Corps as having served satisfactorily as a Volunteer or Volunteer Leader under the Peace Corps Act [see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title] and who passes such examination as such agency head may prescribe. Sec. 3. Certificates of satisfactory service for the purposes of this order shall be issued only to persons who have completed a full term of service (approximately two years) under the Peace Corps Act [see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title]: Provided, That such certificates may be issued to persons who have completed a lesser period of satisfactory service if, in the judgment of the Director of the Peace Corps, (1) their service was of sufficient duration to demonstrate their capability to complete satisfactorily a full term, and (2) their failure to complete a full term was due to circumstances beyond their control. Sec. 4. Any appointment under this order shall be effected within a period of one year after completion of the appointee's service under the Peace Corps Act [see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title]: Provided, That such period may be extended to not more than three years in the case of persons who, following such service, are engaged in military service, in the pursuit of studies at a recognized institution of higher learning, or in other activities which, in the view of the appointing authority, warrant an extension of such period. Sec. 5. Any law, Executive Order, or regulation which would disqualify an applicant for appointment in the competitive service or in the excepted service concerned shall also disqualify an applicant for appointment under this order. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2505 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2505. Peace Corps volunteer leaders; number; applicability of chapter; benefits -STATUTE- The President may enroll in the Peace Corps qualified citizens or nationals of the United States whose services are required for supervisory or other special duties or responsibilities in connection with programs under this chapter (referred to in this chapter as "volunteer leaders"). The ratio of the total number of volunteer leaders to the total number of volunteers in service at any one time shall not exceed one to twenty-five. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, all of the provisions of this chapter applicable to volunteers shall be applicable to volunteer leaders, and the term "volunteers" shall include "volunteer leaders": Provided, however, That - (1) volunteer leaders shall be entitled to receive a readjustment allowance at a rate not less than $125 for each month of satisfactory service as determined by the President; (2) spouses and minor children of volunteer leaders may receive such living, travel, and leave allowances, and such housing, transportation, subsistence, and essential special items of clothing, as the President may determine, but the authority contained in this paragraph shall be exercised only under exceptional circumstances; (3) spouses and minor children of volunteer leaders accompanying them may receive such health care as the President may determine and upon such terms as he may determine, including health care in any facility referred to in section 2504(e) of this title, subject to such conditions as the President may prescribe and subject to reimbursement of appropriations as provided in section 2504(e) of this title; and (4) spouses and minor children of volunteer leaders accompanying them may receive such orientation, language, and other training necessary to accomplish the purposes of this chapter as the President may determine. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 87-293, title I, Sec. 6, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 615; Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 3, Dec. 13, 1963, 77 Stat. 360; Pub. L. 89- 134, Sec. 3, Aug. 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 549; Pub. L. 91-352, Sec. 4, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 465; Pub. L. 97-387, Sec. 1(a), Dec. 23, 1982, 96 Stat. 1947.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87-293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, as amended, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1982 - Par. (1). Pub. L. 97-387 substituted "not less than $125" for "not to exceed $125". 1970 - Pub. L. 91-352 struck out provisions extending health care under cl. (3) to a married volunteer's child if born during the volunteer's service. 1965 - Pub. L. 89-134 extended the health care provisions of cl. (3) to a married volunteer's child if born during the volunteer's service. 1963 - Pub. L. 88-200 substituted "a readjustment allowance" for "termination payments" in cl. (1). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1982 AMENDMENT Section 1(b) of Pub. L. 97-387 provided that: "This amendment [amending this section] shall be effective as of December 29, 1981." -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section delegated to Director of Peace Corps with functions relating to providing health care in government facilities under clause (3) to be exercised in consultation with head of agency responsible for facility by sections 1-103 and 1-106 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. -MISC2- APPOINTMENT TO CIVILIAN CAREER SERVICES Appointment of former volunteer leaders to civilian career services, see Ex. Ord. No. 11103, Apr. 10, 1963, 28 F.R. 3571, set out as a note under section 2504 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2506 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2506. Peace Corps employees -STATUTE- (a) Foreign employment; compensation, allowances, and benefits; utilization of Presidential authority respecting Foreign Service; additional compensation and differentials; additional governmental employment by person receiving Foreign Service Reserve or staff appointment or assignment; limitation on length of employment (1) For the purpose of performing functions under this chapter outside the United States, the President may employ or assign persons, or authorize the employment or assignment of officers or employees of agencies of the United States Government which are not authorized to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system, who shall receive compensation at any of the rates established under section 402 or 403 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3962, 3963], together with allowances and benefits thereunder; and persons so employed or assigned shall be entitled, except to the extent that the President may specify otherwise in cases in which the period of the employment or assignment exceeds thirty months, to the same benefits as are provided by section 310 of that Act [22 U.S.C. 3950] for persons appointed to the Foreign Service. (2) The President may utilize such authority contained in the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.] relating to members of the Foreign Service and other United States Government officers and employees as the President deems necessary to carry out functions under this chapter, except that - (A) no Foreign Service appointment or assignment under this paragraph shall be for a period of more than seven and one-half years, subject to paragraph (5) and except as provided in paragraph (6); and (B) no individual whose Foreign Service appointment or assignment under this paragraph has been terminated shall be reappointed or reassigned under this paragraph before the expiration of a period of time equal to the preceding tour of duty of that individual. Subparagraphs (A) and (B) do not apply with respect to foreign national employees. Such provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.] (other than the provisions of section 309 [22 U.S.C. 3949]) as the President deems appropriate shall apply to individuals appointed or assigned under this paragraph, including in all cases, the provisions of section 310 of that Act [22 U.S.C. 3950], except that (i) the President may by regulation make exceptions to the application of section 310 [22 U.S.C. 3950] in cases in which the period of the appointment or assignment exceeds thirty months, (ii) members of the Foreign Service appointed or assigned pursuant to this paragraph shall receive within-class salary increases in accordance with such regulations as the President may prescribe, and (iii) under such regulations as the President may prescribe, individuals who are to perform duties of a more routine nature than are generally performed by members of the Foreign Service assigned to class 9 in the Foreign Service Schedule may be appointed to an unenumerated class ranking below class 9 in the Foreign Service Schedule and be paid basic compensation at rates lower than those for class 9, except that such rates may be no less than the then applicable minimum wage rate specified in section 206(a)(1) of title 29. (3) The President may specify what additional allowance authorized by section 5941 of title 5 and which of the allowances and differentials authorized by sections 5923 through 5925 of such title 5, may be granted to any person employed, appointed, or assigned under this subsection and may determine the rates thereof not to exceed the rates otherwise granted to employees under the sections of title 5 referred to in this paragraph. (4) An individual who has received an appointment or assignment in the Foreign Service under this subsection may, not later than September 30, 1982, or three years after separation from such appointment or assignment, whichever is later, be appointed to a position in any United States department, agency, or establishment - (A) in the competitive service under title 5 without competitive examination and in accordance with such regulations and conditions consistent with this subsection as may be prescribed by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, or (B) in an established merit system in the excepted service, if such individual (i) served satisfactorily under the authority of this subsection, as certified by the President, for not less than thirty-six months on a continuous basis without a break in service of more than three days, and (ii) is qualified for the position in question. (5) Except as provided in paragraph (6), the Director of the Peace Corps may make appointments or assignments of United States citizens under paragraph (2) for periods of more than five years only in the case of individuals whose performance as employees of the Peace Corps has been exceptional and only in order to achieve one or more of the following purposes: (A) To permit individuals who have served at least two and one- half years of such an appointment or assignment abroad to serve in the United States thereafter. (B) To permit individuals who have served at least two and one- half years of such an appointment or assignment in the United States to serve abroad thereafter. (C) To permit individuals who have served at least two and one- half years of such an appointment or assignment in a recruitment, selection, or training activity to be reassigned to an activity other than the one in which they have most recently so served. (D) To promote the continuity of functions in administering the Peace Corps. At no time may the number of appointments or assignments of United States citizens in effect under paragraph (2) for periods in excess of five years exceed fifteen percent of the total of all appointments and assignments of United States citizens then in effect under paragraph (2). (6) Notwithstanding the limitation set forth in paragraph (2)(A) on the length of an appointment or assignment under paragraph (2) and notwithstanding the limitations set forth in paragraph (5) on the circumstances under which such an appointment or assignment may exceed five years, the Director of the Peace Corps, under special circumstances, may personally approve an extension of an appointment or assignment under paragraph (2) for not more than one year on an individual basis. (b) Repealed. Pub. L. 96-465, title II, Sec. 2205(9), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2160 (c) Peace Corps representatives; terms and conditions of service; removal In each country or area in which volunteers serve abroad, the President may appoint an employee or a volunteer as a Peace Corps representative to have direction of other employees of the Peace Corps abroad and to oversee the activities carried on under this chapter in such country or area. Unless a representative is a volunteer, the compensation, allowances and benefits, and other terms and conditions of service of each such representative, shall be the same as those of a person appointed, or assigned pursuant to paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) of this section, except that any such representative may, notwithstanding any provision of law, be removed by the President in his discretion. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 87-293, title I, Sec. 7, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 615; Pub. L. 87-793, Sec. 1001(l), Oct. 11, 1962, 76 Stat. 865; Pub. L. 88-200, Sec. 4, Dec. 13, 1963, 77 Stat. 360; Pub. L. 89-134, Sec. 4, Aug. 24, 1965, 79 Stat. 549; Pub. L. 91-352, Sec. 5, July 24, 1970, 84 Stat. 465; Pub. L. 96-53, title III, Sec. 302, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 371; Pub. L. 96-465, title II, Secs. 2202(b), 2205(9), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2157, 2160; Pub. L. 98-473, title I, Sec. 101(1) [title V, Sec. 541(a)], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1884, 1903; Pub. L. 99-83, title XI, Sec. 1103(a), Aug. 8, 1985, 99 Stat. 272.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87-293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, as amended, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. The Foreign Service Act of 1980, referred to in subsec. (a)(1), (2), is Pub. L. 96-465, Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2071, as amended, which is classified principally to chapter 52 (Sec. 3901 et seq.) of this title. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 3901 of this title and Tables. The effective date of this paragraph, referred to in subsec. (a)(4), probably means the effective date of Pub. L. 96-53, Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 359, section 302 of which added subsec. (a)(4) and which became effective Oct. 1, 1979, see Effective Date of 1979 Amendment note below. -COD- CODIFICATION Amendment by Pub. L. 98-473 is based on section 703 of H.R. 5119, Ninety-eighth Congress, as passed by the House of Representatives May 10, 1984, which was enacted into permanent law by Pub. L. 98- 473. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1985 - Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 99-83, Sec. 1103(a)(1), substituted "seven and one-half" for "five", substituted ", subject to paragraph (5) and except as provided in paragraph (6)" for "unless the Director of the Peace Corps, under special circumstances, personally approves an extension of not more than one year on an individual basis", and inserted reference to section 309 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980. Subsec. (a)(5), (6). Pub. L. 99-83, Sec. 1103(a)(2), added pars. (5) and (6). 1984 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 98-473 inserted provision that subparagraphs (A) and (B) do not apply with respect to foreign national employees. 1980 - Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 96-465, Sec. 2202(b)(1)(A), substituted "which are not authorized to utilize the Foreign Service personnel system, who shall receive compensation at any of the rates established under section 402 or 403 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980" for ", who shall receive compensation at any of the rates provided for persons appointed to the Foreign Service Reserve and Staff under the Foreign Service Act of 1946, as amended (22 U.S.C. 801 et seq.)" and "section 310" for "section 528" and struck out reference to the applicability of section 1005 of the Foreign Service Act of 1946. Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96-465, Sec. 2202(b)(1)(B), among other changes, substituted references to the Foreign Service Act of 1980 for references to the Foreign Service Act of 1946 and references to class 9 for class 10, and inserted provision relating to section 206(a)(1) of title 29. Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 96-465, Sec. 2202(b)(2), among other changes, struck out provisions relating to the time Congress enacts Foreign Service personnel reform legislation, inserted reference to September 30, 1982, and substituted "such individual" for "such person" and "continuous basis without a break in service of more than three days" for "substantially continuous basis". Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96-465, Sec. 2205(9), struck out subsec. (b) which related to criteria for performance of foreign employment, separation, and severance benefits. See sections 3922 and 4007 to 4009 of this title. 1979 - Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 96-53 added par. (4). 1970 - Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 91-352 substantially reenacted provisions and substituted references to section 5941 of title 5, and sections 5923 through 5925 of such title 5, for references to section 118h of title 5 and title II of the Overseas Differentials and Allowances Act. 1965 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89-134, Sec. 4(a), (b), redesignated subsec. (c) as (a), incorporated into par. (1) material formerly set out as introductory material, spelled out the authority of the President to utilize his authority to appoint and assign persons under the Foreign Service Act of 1946 by making specific reference to his authority as it related to Foreign Service Reserve Officers, Foreign Service Staff officers and employees, alien clerks and employees and other Government officers and employees apart from the Foreign Service, limited to five-year duration all Foreign Service Reserve or Staff appointments and assignments unless the Director of the Peace Corps personally approved one-years extensions on an individual basis, prohibited reappointment or reassignment under this par. before expiration of a period of time equal to the length of the appointee's preceding tour of duty, inserted proviso in par. (2) allowing appointment of an unenumerated class of Foreign Service staff officers and employees ranking below class 10 to be paid basic compensation at rates lower than those of class 10 to perform duties of a more routine nature than are usually performed by Foreign Service staff officers and employees of class 10, and, in par. (3), inserted reference to section 118h of title 5 and substituted reference to subsec. (a) for reference to subsec. (c). Former subsec. (a), relating to domestic employment, was repealed. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89-134, Sec. 4(c), redesignated subsec. (d) as (b), inserted "for the purpose of performing functions under this chapter outside the United States" after "or assigned", and substituted reference to subsec. (a)(2) for reference to subsec. (c)(2). Former subsec. (b), relating to compensation for domestic employment, was repealed. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 89-134, Sec. 4(d), redesignated subsec. (e) as (c) and substituted reference to subsec. (a) of this section for reference to subsec. (c) of this section. Former subsec. (c) redesignated (a). Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 89-134, Sec. 4(c), (d), redesignated subsecs. (d) and (e) as (b) and (c), respectively. 1963 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88-200 struck out "so" before "employed". 1962 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 87-793 substituted "but not in excess of the highest grade 18 of such general schedule" for "and of these not to exceed two may be compensated at a rate in excess of the highest rate provided for grades of such general schedule but not in excess of $19,000 per year". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1985 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99-83 effective Oct. 1, 1985, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 99-83, set out as a note under section 2151-1 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-465 effective Feb. 15, 1981, except as otherwise provided, see section 2403 of Pub. L. 96-465, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3901 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-53 effective Oct. 1, 1979, see section 512(a) of Pub. L. 96-53, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1965 AMENDMENT Section 5(a) of Pub. L. 89-134 provided that: "Section 4 of this Act [amending this section] shall not become effective until the first day of the fourth pay period which begins after the date this Act becomes law. [Aug. 24, 1965]." EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1962 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 87-793 effective on first day of first pay period which begins on or after Oct. 11, 1962, see section 1008 of Pub. L. 87-793. -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section delegated to Director of Peace Corps by section 1-103 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. -MISC2- COORDINATION OF CHANGES IN POLICY WITH SECRETARY OF STATE Any substantial changes in policies in effect on May 16, 1979, for the utilization of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (Sec. 3901 et seq. of this title) pursuant to this section are to be coordinated with the Secretary of State, see section 1-111 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. PEACE CORPS APPOINTMENTS OR ASSIGNMENTS Pub. L. 108-199, div. D, title II, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 156, provided in part: "That during fiscal year 2004 and any subsequent fiscal year, the Director of the Peace Corps may make appointments or assignments, or extend current appointments or assignments, to permit United States citizens to serve for periods in excess of 5 years in the case of individuals whose appointment or assignment, such as regional safety security officers and employees within the Office of the Inspector General, involves the safety of Peace Corps volunteers: Provided further, That the Director of the Peace Corps may make such appointments or assignments notwithstanding the provisions of section 7 of the Peace Corps Act [this section] limiting the length of an appointment or assignment, the circumstances under which such an appointment or assignment may exceed 5 years, and the percentage of appointments or assignments that can be made in excess of 5 years." Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act: Pub. L. 108-7, div. E, title II, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 171. REPORTS TO CONGRESS Section 1103(b) of Pub. L. 99-83, which required the Director of the Peace Corps to submit to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives reports on the exercise of certain appointment authority granted under section 1103(a) of Pub. L. 99-83 (amending subsec. (a) of this section), terminated, effective May 15, 2000, pursuant to section 3003 of Pub. L. 104-66, as amended, set out as a note under section 1113 of Title 31, Money and Finance. See, also, page 189 of House Document No. 103-7. BENEFITS FOR PERSONS APPOINTED OR ASSIGNED UNDER SUBSEC. (A) Persons appointed, employed, or assigned under subsec. (a) of this section are not, unless otherwise agreed by the agency in which such benefits may be exercised, entitled to the benefits provided by section 928 of this title in cases in which their service under the appointment, employment, or assignment exceeds thirty months, see section 1-401 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. TRANSFER OF WASHINGTON HEADQUARTERS PERSONNEL FROM CIVIL SERVICE TO FOREIGN SERVICE APPOINTMENTS Section 5(b) of Pub. L. 89-134 provided that: "Under such regulations as the President may prescribe, each person employed under authorities repealed by section 4(a) of this Act [which repealed former subsecs. (a) and (b) of this section providing for employment of Washington headquarters personnel in accordance with standard civil service laws] immediately prior to the effective date of that section [see Effective Date of 1965 Amendment note above] shall effective on that date be appointed a Foreign Service Reserve officer or Foreign Service staff officer or employee under the authority of section 7(a)(2) of the Peace Corps Act [subsec. (a)(2) of this section], as amended, and appointed or assigned to an appropriate class thereof; except that - "(1) no person who holds a career or career-conditional appointment immediately prior to the effective date of section 4(a) of this Act [see effective date of 1965 Amendment note above] shall, without his consent, be so appointed until three years after such effective date; and "(2) each person so appointed who, immediately prior to the effective date of section 4(a) of this Act [see effective date of 1965 Amendment note above], held a career or career-conditional appointment at grade 8 or below of the General Schedule established by the Classification Act of 1949, as amended [see Sec. 5101 et seq. of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees], shall receive an appointment for the duration of operations under the Peace Corps Act, as amended [see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title]. Each person appointed under this subsection shall receive basic compensation at the rate of his class determined by the President to be appropriate, but the rate of basic compensation received by such person immediately prior to the effective date of his appointment under this subsection shall not be reduced by the provisions of this subsection." [Functions of the President conferred by section 5(b) of Pub. L. 89-134, set out above, to prescribe regulations and make determinations (relating to appointment of Peace Corps Employees in the Foreign Service System) were delegated to the Director of the Peace Corps, by section 1-105 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1976, 44 F.R. 29023, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. Such functions were previously transferred from the President to the Director of ACTION [now Corporation for National and Community Service] by section 102(c) of Ex. Ord. No. 11603, June 30, 1971, 36 F.R. 12675, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title, which was superseded by section 1-707 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137.] -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2507 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2507. Training program -STATUTE- (a) Applicants for enrollment and enrolled volunteers The President shall make provision for such training as he deems appropriate for each applicant for enrollment as a volunteer and each enrolled volunteer. All of the provisions of this chapter applicable respectively to volunteers and volunteer leaders shall be applicable to applicants for enrollment as such during any period of training occurring prior to enrollment, and the respective terms "volunteers" and "volunteer leaders" shall include such applicants during any such period of training. (b) Citizen trainees for voluntary programs; foreign nationals as trainees; advances of funds or reimbursement basis; use of credits The President may also make provision, on the basis of advances of funds or reimbursement to the United States, for training for citizens of the United States, other than those referred to in subsection (a) of this section, who have been selected for service abroad in programs not carried out under authority of this chapter which are similar to those authorized by this chapter. The provisions of section 2508 of this title shall apply, on a similar advance of funds or a reimbursement basis, with respect to persons while within the United States for training under authority of this subsection. Advances or reimbursements received under this subsection may be credited to the current applicable appropriation, fund, or account and shall be available for the purposes for which such appropriation, fund, or account is authorized to be used. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 87-293, title I, Sec. 8, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 616; Pub. L. 102-511, title IX, Sec. 904, Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3356.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a) and (b), was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87-293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, as amended, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1992 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102-511 struck out subsec. (c) which read as follows: "Training hereinabove provided for shall include instruction in the philosophy, strategy, tactics, and menace of communism." -TRANS- DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section delegated to Director of Peace Corps by section 1-103 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2508 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2508. Foreign participants; admission into the United States as nonimmigrants; removal -STATUTE- In order to provide for assistance by foreign nationals in the training of volunteers, and to permit effective implementation of Peace Corps projects with due regard for the desirability of cost- sharing arrangements, where appropriate, the President may make provision for transportation, housing, subsistence, or per diem in lieu thereof, and health care or health and accident insurance for foreign nationals engaged in activities authorized by this chapter while they are away from their homes, without regard to the provisions of any other law: Provided, however, That per diem in lieu of subsistence furnished to such persons shall not be at rates higher than those prescribed by the Secretary of State pursuant to section 2679 of title 22. Such persons, and persons coming to the United States under contract pursuant to section 2509(a)(5) of this title, may be admitted to the United States, if otherwise qualified, as nonimmigrants under section 1101(a)(15) of title 8 for such time and under such conditions as may be prescribed by regulations promulgated by the Secretary of State and the Attorney General. A person admitted under this section who fails to maintain the status under which he was admitted or who fails to depart from the United States at the expiration of the time for which he was admitted, or who engages in activities of a political nature detrimental to the interests of the United States, or in activities not consistent with the security of the United States, shall, upon the warrant of the Attorney General, be taken into custody and promptly removed pursuant to chapter 4 of title II of the Immigration and Nationality Act [8 U.S.C. 1221 et seq.] (!1) proceedings under this section shall be summary and the findings of the Attorney General as to matters of fact shall be conclusive. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 87-293, title I, Sec. 9, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 617; Pub. L. 97-113, title VI, Sec. 605(a), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat. 1543; Pub. L. 104-208, div. C, title III, Sec. 308(e)(18), Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-621.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT This chapter, referred to in text, was in the original "this Act", meaning Pub. L. 87-293, Sept. 22, 1961, 75 Stat. 612, as amended, known as the Peace Corps Act. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 2501 of this title and Tables. The Immigration and Nationality Act, referred to in text, is act June 27, 1952, ch. 477, 66 Stat. 163, as amended. Chapter 4 of title II of the Act is classified generally to part IV (Sec. 1221 et seq.) of subchapter II of chapter 12 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1101 of Title 8 and Tables. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1996 - Pub. L. 104-208 substituted "removed pursuant to chapter 4 of title II of the Immigration and Nationality Act" for "deported pursuant to sections 1251, 1252, and 1253 of title 8. Deportation". 1981 - Pub. L. 97-113 substituted reference to section "2509(a)(5)" for "2509(a)(4)" of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 104-208 effective, with certain transitional provisions, on the first day of the first month beginning more than 180 days after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 309 of Pub. L. 104-208, set out as a note under section 1101 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. -TRANS- ABOLITION OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE AND TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality. DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS Functions of President under this section delegated to Director of Peace Corps by section 1-103 of Ex. Ord. No. 12137, May 16, 1979, 44 F.R. 29023, eff. May 16, 1979, set out as a note under section 2501 of this title. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) So in original. Probably should be followed by a period and "Removal". -End- -CITE- 22 USC Sec. 2509 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 22 - FOREIGN RELATIONS AND INTERCOURSE CHAPTER 34 - THE PEACE CORPS -HEAD- Sec. 2509. Presidential powers and authorities -STATUTE- (a) Contract authority; assignment of volunteers; acceptance of voluntary services and gifts and transfers of property; personal service contracts In furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, the President may - (1) enter into, perform, and modify contracts and agreements and otherwise cooperate with any agency of the United States Government or of any State or any subdivision thereof, other governments and departments and agencies thereof, and educational institutions, voluntary agencies, farm organizations, labor unions, and other organizations, individuals and firms; (2) assign volunteers in special cases to temporary duty with international organizations and agencies when the Secretary of State determines that such assignment would serve the purposes of this chapter; (3) assign volunteers to duty or otherwise make them available to any entity referred to in paragraph (1), in order to assist such organizations and agencies in providing development or other relief assistance to displaced persons and refugees in any country, if the government of the country agrees to such assignment; (4) accept in the name of the Peace Corps and employ or transfer in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter (A) voluntary services notwithstanding the provisions of section 1342 of title 31, and (B) any money or property (real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible) received by gift, devise, bequest, or otherwise; and (5) contract with individuals for personal services abroad, and with aliens (abroad or within the United States) for personal services within the United States: Provided, That no such person shall be deemed an officer or employee or otherwise in the service or employment of the United States Government for any purpose. (b) Claim settlements Notwithstanding any other provision of law, whenever the President determines that it will further the purposes of this chapter, the President, under such regulations as he may prescribe, may settle and pay, in an amount not exceeding $20,000, any claim against the United States, for loss of or damage to real or personal property (including loss of occupancy or use thereof) belonging to, or for personal injury or death of, any person not a citizen or resident of the United States, where such claim arises abroad out of the act or omission of any Peace Corps employee or out of the act or omission of any volunteer, but only if such claim is presented in writing within one year after it accrues. Any amount paid in settlement of any claim under this subsection shall be accepted by the claimant in full satisfaction thereof and shall bar any further action or proceeding thereon. (c) Five-year contract authority Subject to any future action of the Congress, a contract or agreement which entails commitments for the expenditure of funds available for the purposes of this chapter, including commitments for the purpose of paying or providing for allowances and other benefits of volunteers authorized by sections 2504 and 2505 of this title, may extend at any time for not more than five years. (d) Waiver of certain Federal laws Whenever the President determines it to be in furtherance of the purposes of this chapter, functions authorized by this chapter may be performed without regard to such provisions of law (other than section 5 of title 41, section 252 of title 41, and the Renegotiation Act of 1951, as amended [50 U.S.C. App. 1211 et seq.]) regulating the making, performance, amendment, or modification of contracts and the expenditure of Government funds as the President may specify. (e) Allocation of funds The President may allocate or transfer to any agency of the United States Government any funds available for carrying out the purposes of this chapter including any advance received by the United States from any country or international organization under authority of this chapter, but not to exceed 20 per centum in the aggregate of such funds may be allocated or transferred to agencies other than the Peace Corps. Such funds shall be available for obligation and expenditure for the purposes of this chapter in accordance with authority granted in this chapter or under authority governing the activities of the agencies of the United States Government to which such funds are allocated or transferred. (f) Utilization of other Government agency services and facilities Any officer of the United States Government carrying out functions under this chapter may utilize the services and facilities of, or procure commodities from, any agency of the United States Government as the President shall direct, or with the consent of the head of such agency, and funds allocated pursuant to this subsection to any such agency may be established in separate appropriation accounts on the books of the Treasury. (g) Reimbursement for commodities, services, and facilities In the case of any commodity, service, or facility procured from any agency of the United States Government under this chapter, reimbursement or payment shall be made to such agency from funds available under this chapter. Such reimbursement or payment shall be at replacement cost, or, if required by law, at actual cost, or at any other price authorized by law and agreed to by the owning or disposing agency. The amount of any such reimbursement or payment shall be credited to current applicable appropriations, funds, or accounts from which there may be procured replacements of similar commodities, services, or facilities, except that where such appropriations, funds, or accounts are not reimbursable except by reason of this subsection, and when the owning or disposing agency determines that such replacement is not necessary, any funds received in payment therefor shall be covered into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts. (h) Hospitalization and medical treatment for Foreign Service local employees The President may provide hospitalization and medical treatment to Foreign Service local employees who are within the United States for training related to their employment under this chapter, for illnesses, injuries, or conditions other than those arising out of and in the course of employment, which, in the judgment of the President, began during such employee's travel related to such training or so near to the beginning of such travel that the onset of the illness, injury, or condition could not have been known, and for which immediate medical treatment or hospitalization is reasonably required. (i) Procurement of legal services The Director of the Peace Corps shall have the same authority as is available to the Secretary of State under section 2698(a) of this title. For purposes of this subsection, the reference in such section 2698(a) of this title to a principal officer of the Foreign Service shall be deemed to be a reference to a Peace Corps representative and the reference in such section to a member of the Foreign Service shall be deemed to be a reference to a person employed, appointed, or assigned under this chapter. (j) Malpractice protection The provisions of section 2702 of this title shall apply to volunteers and persons employ